Hydrology, Hydrogeology, and Ground Water Resources

For aquifers, recharge, groundwater flow, water-table behavior, and hydrogeologic mapping.

• USGS Hydrogeologic Mapping and Three-Dimensional Geologic Modeling of Glacial Deposits in Southeastern Michigan, Northeastern Indiana, and Northwestern Ohio (Riddle et al., 2025) — Strong regional aquifer framework using well records and 3D geologic modeling.
• Impacts of climate change and human activities on global groundwater storage from 2003 to 2022 (Zhang et al., 2025) — Global groundwater trends, depletion hotspots, and climate/irrigation drivers Impacts of climate change and h…
• Hydrodynamic Relationships between Gravel Pit Lakes and Aquifers (2023) — Focuses on groundwater exchange with pit lakes and controlling factors.
• Groundwater-level recovery following closure of open-pit mines (2022) — Models recovery time after pumping stops and effects of backfilling and evaporation.
• Effects of drought on groundwater-fed lake areas in the Nebraska Sand Hills (2021) — Illustrates delayed groundwater response to drought.
• Understanding the Groundwater Hydrology of a Geographically-Isolated Prairie Fen (2015) — Multi-scale modeling of fen-supporting groundwater systems.
• A GIS-based approach for supporting groundwater protection in eskers (2015) — Maps groundwater-sensitive esker areas affected by sand and gravel mining.
• Dual impact on the groundwater aquifer in the Kazan Plain (2011) — Shows combined impacts of sand-gravel mining and over-pumping on aquifer loss.
• Sand and gravel mining: effects on ground water resources in Hancock County, Maine (2008/2009) — Case study of groundwater quantity and quality near pits.
• Impact of Gravel Pits on Groundwater: Case Study near Mohelnice City (2008) — Modeling pit effects on groundwater levels, flow, and chemistry.
• USGS Summary of Hydrogeologic Conditions by County for the State of Michigan — County-scale reference for aquifer type, well yields, and vulnerability.
• Maps and Grids of Hydrogeologic Information Created from Standardized Water-Well Drillers’ Records of the Glaciated United States (2015) — Useful regional mapping resource based on well logs.
• Public Well Records along Ormond Rd and Shaffer Road — Site-area well depths, static water levels, and subsurface materials.
• MODFLOW-2005 (Harbaugh, 2005) — Technical groundwater modeling reference.
• Analytical and Numerical Simulation of the Steady-State Hydrologic Effects of Mining Aggregate (Arnold, Langer, and Paschke, 2003) — Core USGS reference on pit-induced drawdown under different aquifer conditions.
• Quantifying Impacts to a Floodplain Groundwater System from Large-Scale Sand and Gravel Mining (Michalek, 2001) — MODFLOW-based assessment of local groundwater effects.
• Documentation of a Computer Program to Simulate Lake–Aquifer Interaction Using MODFLOW (Merritt and Konikow, 2000) — Lake-aquifer interaction model reference.
• The Importance of Ground Water in the Great Lakes Region (2000) — Good regional overview of groundwater’s role in streams, wetlands, and water supply.
• The Direct and Cumulative Effects of Gravel Mining on Ground Water within Thurston County, Washington (1995) — Evaluates groundwater levels, turbidity, and water-quality risks from mining.
• The Effects of Gravel Extraction on Groundwater Hydrology (Wilson, 1983) — Foundational groundwater response concepts.
• Basic Ground-Water Hydrology (USGS, 1983) — Introductory but authoritative groundwater principles reference.